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eastern coyote
The Eastern coyote (''Canis latrans'' var.), also known as the New England canid or tweed wolf, is a wild Northern American canid of mixed wolf-coyote parentage present in New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador. It was first noticed during the early 1930s to the late 40s, and likely originated in the aftermath of the extirpation of the eastern wolf in the southeastern Ontario and the Labrador wolf in the eastern Canadian maritime provinces, thus allowing coyotes to colonize the former wolf ranges and mix with the remnant wolf populations.〔Way, J.G., L. Rutledge, T. Wheeldon, B.N. White. 2010. (Genetic characterization of Eastern "Coyotes" in eastern Massachusetts ). ''Northeastern Naturalist''. 17(2): 189-204.〕〔http://www.algonquinpark.on.ca/pdf/2009_wilson_S80-9_wolf_ontario.pdf〕 This hybrid is smaller than the pure eastern wolf and holds smaller territories, but is in turn larger and holds more extensive home ranges than the typical western coyote.〔 Hybridization between the coyote and wolf was facilitated by the close relationship between the two species.
==Description==
Adult eastern coyotes are larger than western coyotes, weighing an average of 30-40 lbs, with female eastern coyotes weighing 21% more than male western coyotes.〔〔Way, J. G. 2007. (A comparison of body mass of Canis latrans (Coyotes) between eastern and western North America ). ''Northeastern Naturalist'' 14(1): 111–24.〕 Eastern coyotes also weigh more at birth; while newborn western coyotes weigh 250-300 grams, eastern coyotes weigh 349-360 grams. By the age of 35 days, eastern coyote pups average 1590 grams, 200 grams more than western coyotes of similar age. By this time, physical differences become more apparent, with eastern coyote pups having longer legs than their western counterparts. Differences in dental development also occur, with tooth eruption being later, and in a different order in the eastern coyote.〔 Aside from its size, the eastern coyote is physically not unlike the western coyote; both have erect ears, a straight and bushy tail, a conspicuous supracaudal gland and a narrow chest. There are four color phases, ranging from dark brown to blond or reddish blond, though the most common phase is gray-brown, with reddish legs, ears and flanks.〔Hilton, Henry. 1978. Systematics and Ecology of the Eastern Coyote. In: M. Bekoff, (ed.), ''Coyotes: Biology, Behavior, and Management'': 210-28. Academic Press, New York〕 There are no significant differences between eastern and western coyotes in expressing aggression and fighting, though eastern coyotes tend to fight less, and are more playful. Unlike western coyote pups, in which fighting precedes play behavior, fighting among eastern coyote pups occurs after the onset of play.〔Bekoff, M. 1978. Behavioral Development in Coyotes and Eastern Coyotes. In: M. Bekoff, (ed.), ''Coyotes: Biology, Behavior, and Management'': 97-124. Academic Press, New York〕 Eastern coyotes tend to reach sexual maturity when they reach two years of age, much later than in western coyotes.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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